South+Africa

​ Republic of South Africa Located at the southern most tip of Africa, South Africa was a ideal rest spot for Dutch traders on a route from the Netherlands to the East. When diamonds and gold were discovered immigration and imperialism began to be appear in the region.

Indian/Asian 2.9% || Catholic 7.1%, Methodist 6.8%, Dutch Reformed 6.7% || Sepedi 9.4%, English 8.2% || manganese, nickel, phosphates ||
 * **Type of Government** || Republic ||
 * **Current Leader** || President Jacob Zuma ||
 * **Executive Deputy President** || Kgalema Motlanthe ||
 * **Location** || Southern Africa, southern most tip ||
 * **Area** || 1,219,090 sq. km ||
 * **Ethnic Groups** || black African 79%, white 9.6%, colored 8.9%
 * **Religions** || Zion Christian 11.1%, Pentecostal/Charismatic 8.2%
 * **Languages** || IsiZulu 23.8%, IsiXhosa 17.6%, Afrikaans 13.3%,
 * **Resources** || Gold, Chromium, antimony, coal, iron core,

= = = = = Sources: [|facts][|map] [|flag] [|pic1] [|pic2] = = =

= = =​ __The History Of South African Imperialism__ ​- Leo Licht =

=Original Settlers of South Africa = · San People: First settlers in South Africa · Khoikhoi and Bantu-speaking tribes followed = __The Dutch __ = · Dutch East India Company landed settlers in 1652 · Dutch dialect called the tribes the “Afrikaans” · Modern Dutch firearms protected settlers from area warlords and many times ambushes at night were silenced by rifle and musket fire · Without these protections the warlords would have easily overrun the settlement and killed all the Dutch, sparking a larger conflict · When Shaka-Zulu was found by pathfinders with rifles and muskets, Shaka immediately saw the worry on their faces and the wound he had received from the battle in recent days had hindered his combat · When Zulu tribes saw their leader walk out of the white settlement with no wound, they cheered and honored the white man’s power, the Dutch now allies with the Zulu tribe saw a future in Africa · In 1828, Shaka was assassinated and the Dutch settlement attacked by their former allies

[[image:Shaka-Zulu.jpg width="127" height="285" caption="Shaka-Zulu Oil Painting 1823"]] [[image:zulu-king-shaka-zulu.jpg width="198" height="300" caption="Shaka Zulu"]]
= = = = = __The British __ = · Overran the Dutch East India company in 1815, and armed the settlement with large cannons and more defenses · Controlled this area and when 1833 came, 12,000 slaves pushed out of the camp and drove north to establish a free territory · In 1867, Gold and diamonds were uncovered and many people that Africans called “outlanders” swarmed into South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Botswana -The large influx of outlanders caused turmoil in Africa and Boer tribesman began to fight with British defenses · The “Inevitable War” broke out and the British military decimated the Boers, whose tactics and weapons did little to no damage compared to the British heavy cannons and rifles · The Union of South Africa in 1910 created four provinces, with the two former republics, a Natal colony and an old Cape colony, all establish by a Boer, who became the first prime minister · Shortly afterward in 1912, the African National Congress was formed, this all caused by the “Inevitable War” Trying to separate from the European Powers, South Africa becomes its own Republic = = = S.African Indepence [|zulu] [|dutchmap] = = = = = = = =__South Africa's Independence is tarnished by Apartheid__ = Jan Christiaan Smuts brought the nation into World War II on the Allied side against Nationalist opposition, and South Africa became a charter member of the United Nations in 1945, but he refused to sign the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Apartheid—racial separation—dominated domestic politics as the Nationalists gained power and imposed greater restrictions on Bantus (black Africans), Asians, and Coloreds (in South Africa the term meant any nonwhite person). Black voters were removed from the voter rolls in 1936. Over the next half-century, the nonwhite population of South Africa was forced out of designated white areas. The Group Areas Acts of 1950 and 1986 forced about 1.5 million Africans to move from cities to rural townships, where they lived in abject poverty under repressive laws. South Africa declared itself a republic in 1961 and severed its ties with the Commonwealth, which strongly objected to the country's racist policies. The white supremacist National Party, which had first come to power in 1948, would continue its rule for the next three decades. In 1960, 70 black protesters were killed during a peaceful demonstration in Sharpesville. The African National Congress (ANC), the principal antiapartheid organization, was banned that year, and in 1964 its leader, Nelson Mandela, was sentenced to life imprisonment. Black protests against apartheid grew stronger and more violent. In 1976, an uprising in the black township of Soweto spread to other black townships and left 600 dead. Beginning in the 1960s, international opposition to apartheid intensified. The UN imposed sanctions, and many countries divested their South African holdings. Apartheid's grip on South Africa began to give way when F. W. de Klerk replaced P. W. Botha as president in 1989. De Klerk removed the ban on the ANC and released its leader, Nelson Mandela, after 27 years of imprisonment. The Inkatha Freedom Party, a black opposition group led by Mangosuthu Buthelezi, which was seen as collaborating with the apartheid system, frequently clashed with the ANC during this period = = = *South Africa completely separates from European Powers* = = Following Information is direct text from website: = = [|independence] = Apartheid is Abolished; Mandela Becomes President In 1991, a multiracial forum led by de Klerk and Mandela, the Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA), began working on a new constitution. In 1993, an interim constitution was passed, which dismantled apartheid and provided for a multiracial democracy with majority rule. The peaceful transition of South Africa from one of the world's most repressive societies into a democracy is one of the 20th century's most remarkable success stories. Mandela and de Klerk were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993. The 1994 election, the country's first multiracial one, resulted in a massive victory for Mandela and his ANC. The new government included six ministers from the National Party and three from the Inkatha Freedom Party. A new national constitution was approved and adopted in May 1996. In 1997 the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, chaired by Desmond Tutu, began hearings regarding human rights violations between 1960 and 1993. The commission promised amnesty to those who confessed their crimes under the apartheid system. In 1998, F. W. de Klerk, P.W. Botha, and leaders of the ANC appeared before the commission, and the nation continued to grapple with its enlightened but often painful and divisive process of national recovery. = = Wildlife and Animals that were attributed to deaths and trade in South Africa

South African Lions: Older males (left) are often aggressive to territory invaders, Young cubs (right) are very docile and often do not mind humans unless abused or provoked. Source: Animal Planet Documentary September 6, 2001 Cheetahs: Female (left) are territorial and are often out hunting while the stronger males are often teaching cubs or juveniles how to hunt, cubs (right) are defenseless until 10-12 months and require meat for the first 8 months. Source: Animal Planet Documentary December 12, 2007 South African Crocodile: Larger than his Australian cousin this male crocodile is can grow to be up to 26ft long and weigh almost 900lbs. He has enough strength in his jaws to bend a steel bar. The Sarcoshucus is a relative to the South African Crocodile which originated in South Africa, grew up to the size of a city bus (30ft average) and weighed and average of 1.5 tons. The largest recorded was 65ft long and was estimated to weigh 3 tons. Source: Animal Planet Documentary July 7, 2003 = = 

=__An Ordinary Citizen Living Under Imperialism__ - Collin Nyseth = Hello my name is Kopano Owusu, I am from Cape Town, I am a miner how has lived in Cape Town my whole life. I have a loving wife named Lerato who help the children at our home, and I also have my two kids Limpho and [|Lerato] who are eight and seven. We live in a small shack by the coast and I have to walk to the mines were I work. I guess that I should start from the beginning. I was born on April 3, 1778 in the north side of Cape Town, my father was a nice man, and he is a warrior who protects the town from any of the intruders. My mother was a very strict woman to me and my brother; she was a weaver who ran a small shop in the center of town. My brother was a few years older than I was.

By the time I was ten I had already started to work in the mines but I didn’t do that much, I was the one who moved dirt out of the way for the miners to work. There is a lot of gold and diamonds in are area and that is why we are a very popular place. I have grown up and have stayed in the mining business because it has been growing fast and there are a lot of people coming into the town. I make about 5% of the diamonds that I find and that is not that bad because there are so many people coming into the city. The town is a very clean town and it only gets dirty when you get near the mines. There is on some occasions a robbery but it only happens once a month or so. We have some very nice cloth in the city most of which are a cloth that wraps around are body, most of the other things is shipped in to the city.

For the past one hundred years the people have lived in freedom of any intruders and we have always had what we needed to are work done but the past few weeks that has changed a little. there has been some Dutch coming into the city and have take people and forced them to mine for less then what we should be mining for. it still seams to be a nice town though, we still have all of are rights except of the mining conditions which haven't changed that much ether.

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=__Modern Day South Africa and the Effects of Imperialism__ - Tiera Lewis = = =
 * Political:**
 * African National Congress - largest political party
 * The legal system is based on Roman-Dutch law and English common law
 * Gain their independence May 31, 1910
 * Parlimentary government
 * Has three capital cities: **Cape Town**, the largest of the three, is the //legislative// capital; **Pretoria** is the //administrative// capital; and **Bloemfontein** is the //judicial// capital.


 * Social:**
 * 8.9% speak English
 * Children only attend school until about 13 years old


 * Economical:**
 * Middle income country
 * Abundant supply of natural resources
 * Stock machines 17th largest in the world
 * Capitalist economy

= = = =
 * Land:**
 * Land Act of 1913 - prevented a vast majority of SOuth Africans from owning and leasing land
 * Housing conditions are among one of the worse in the world

- Positives **
 * __EFFECTS OF IMPERIALISM__
 * Introduction of modern devices such as transportation and communications systems

- Negatives [|issues][|history]
 * Changed borders between nations for their own satisfaction and ruling purposes
 * De-throwned Kings
 * Ruined much of the unity among Africans